I am currently mainly involved in two research projects: TOLEDO and PERSONA.

Also I am the chairman of the board for the journal Response.

Sources for publications

The Appendices for the article "The Democratic Decline in India – When Did It Happen? On Whose Watch?", published in the The Wire, are included below. All data used can be downloaded from V-Dem. 

V-Dem Dataset:

Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Svend-Erik Skaaning, Jan Teorell, David Altman, Michael Bernhard, M. Steven Fish, Agnes Cornell, Sirianne Dahlum, Haakon Gjerløw, Adam Glynn, Allen Hicken, Joshua Krusell, Anna L¨uhrmann, Kyle L. Marquardt, Kelly McMann, Valeriya Mechkova, Juraj Medzihorsky, Moa Olin, Pamela Paxton, Daniel Pemstein, Josefine Pernes, Johannes von R¨omer, Brigitte Seim, Rachel Sigman, Jeffrey Staton, Natalia Stepanova, Aksel Sundstr¨om, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Tore Wig, Steven Wilson, and Daniel Ziblatt. 2018. ”V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v8” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project.

and:

Pemstein, Daniel, Kyle L. Marquardt, Eitan Tzelgov, Yi-ting Wang, Joshua Krusell and Farhad Miri. 2018. “The V-Dem Measurement Model: Latent Variable Analysis for Cross-National and Cross-Temporal Expert-Coded Data”. University

 Project.https://doi.org/10.23696/vdemcy18

Appendix A

Liberal democracy index, India – 1947-2017

Predicted development, based on 2014-2017, in red

Appendix B - Liberal freedom and Deliberation in India, 2004 - 2017

                   Liberal Deliberative

          component     component

              index         index

Year             Sum           Sum

________ __________ ____________

2004             ,78           ,90

2005             ,77           ,90

2006             ,77           ,90

2007             ,77           ,90

2008             ,77           ,90

2009             ,76           ,88

2010             ,75           ,85

2011             ,75           ,85

2012             ,76           ,85

2013             ,77           ,86

2014             ,78           ,85

2015             ,73           ,75

2016             ,74           ,70

2017             ,72           ,49

 Appendix C - Freedom of expression in India, 2004 - 2017

          Freedom of

          expression

              index

Year             Sum

________ __________

2004            .84

2005             .86

2006             .86

2007             .86

2008             .86

2009             .86

2010             .86

2011             .86

2012             .82

2013             .85

2014             .81

2015             .71

2016             .69

2017             .59

Appendix D - Corruption in India, 2004 - 2017

                           Public

          Executive     sector

          corruption corruption

              index       index

Year             Sum         Sum

________ __________ __________

2004             ,42         ,40

2005             ,42         ,40

2006             ,42         ,40

2007             ,42         ,40

2008             ,42         ,40

2009             ,42         ,40

2010            ,43         ,40

2011             ,43         ,40

2012             ,43         ,40

2013             ,45         ,41

2014             ,45         ,41

2015             ,37         ,50

2016             ,37         ,50

2017             ,33         ,49

Appendix E -  Religious organizations, political violence, and freedom of religion, 2004 - 2017

Electoral democracy in comparative perspective, 2004 - 2017  

Full list of references

Baruah, S. K. and R. Ahuja (2015). Narendra Modi govt cracks down on NGOs, prepares hitlist. Hindustan Times. New Delhi.

 Basu, A. (2015). Violent conjunctures in democratic India. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Reporters without borders. (2018) "Surge in police violence against journalists in India." Canadian Journal of Political Science-Revue Canadienne De Science Politique.

Coppedge, M., J. Gerring, C. H. Knutsen, S. I. Lindberg, S.-E. Skaaning, J. Teorell, D. Altman, M. Bernhard, A. Cornell, M. S. Fish, H. Gjerløw, A. Glynn, A. Hicken, J. Krusell, A. Lührmann, K. L. Marquardt, K. McMann, V. Mechkova, M. Olin, P. Paxton, D. Pemstein, B. Seim, R. Sigman, J. Staton, A. Sundtröm, E. Tzelgov, L. Uberti, Y.-t. Wang, T. Wig and D. Ziblatt (2018a). Varieties of Democracy Codebook. Varieties of Democracy. University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Insititute.

Coppedge, M., J. Gerring, C. H. Knutsen, S. I. Lindberg, S.-E. Skaaning, J. Teorell, D. Altman, M. Bernhard, M. S. Fish, A. Cornell, D. Sirianne, H. Gjerløw, A. Glynn, A. Hicken, J. Krusell, A. Lührman, K. L. Marquardt, K. McMann, V. Mechkova, J. Medzihorsky, M. Olin, P. Paxton, D. Pemstein, J. Pernes, J. von Römer, B. Seim, R. Sigman, J. Staton, N. Stepanova, A. Sundström, E. Tzelgov, Y.-t. Wang, T. Wig, S. Wilson and D. Ziblatt (2018b). V-Dem [Country-Year/Country-Date] Dataset v8. V. o. D. V.-D. Project. Gotheburg University.

Varieties of Democracy. (2018). Democracy for All? - V-Dem Annual Democracy Report 2018, Varities of Democracy Institute.

Doniger, W. (2014). India: Censorship by the Batra Brigade. The New York Review of Books. New York.

Habermas, J. (1996). Between facts and norms : contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy. Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press.

Kannabiran, K. (2018). "They cannot stop me from teaching Marx and Ambedkar: Prof. K. Satyanarayana." The Hindu.

Kazmin, A. (2015). NGOs fear government crackdown amid Greenpeace India battle. The Financial Times. New Delhi.

Kazmin, A. (2018) "Modi government in public spat with Reserve Bank of India." Financial Times.

Photographs from India, 2010-2014.

© 2015 Sten Widmalm